Armed conflict and up rootedness bring their own distinct forms of violence against women with them. These can include random acts of sexual assault by both enemy and “friendly” forces, and mass rape as a deliberate strategy of genocide.

Some forms of violence resulting from conflict/refugee situations :

• - Mass rape, military sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced “marriages” and forced pregnancies.
• - Multiple rapes and gang rape (with multiple perpetrators) and the rape of young girls.
• - Sexual assault associated with violent physical assault.
• - Resurgence of female genital mutilation, within the community under attack, as a way to reinforce cultural identity.
• - Women forced to offer sex for survival, or in exchange for food, shelter, or "protection".